What does a new driver's license look like? New subcategories, changes in new rights

Categories of rights

Vehicles (VVs) differ from each other in purpose, number of seats, carrying capacity, and the presence of a trailer. Depending on all this, vehicles are divided into categories (Article 25 of the Law “On Road Safety”). They correspond to the categories of driver's license.

Table: categories of driver's licenses and types of vehicles

Is it necessary to change insurance due to a replacement license?

A new contract is only needed if you have received the rights to a new surname. If you simply change your license due to its expiration, then there is no law that would oblige you to go to the insurance company, especially since when registering a new license, data about the old ones is saved.

On the other hand, insurance companies require notification of data changes. You don’t have to buy new insurance; you just need the operator to add new data to the database. Sometimes they also issue a duplicate insurance with new information.

Documents you need to have with you:

• a valid insurance contract;
• STS;
• new driver's license;
• passport.

The MTPL rules state that for changing the data in the contract, the insurer has the right to demand an additional insurance premium. Each insurance company decides for itself whether to take money from a client who has replaced his license or not.

Driver age

The age at which you can obtain a license depends on the category of the selected vehicle:

• 16 years old - mopeds and low-power motorcycles;
• 18 years old - cars, ATVs, motorcycles, trucks;
• 19 years - cars and trucks with trailers (18 years + 1 year of experience);
• 21 years old - buses, trams and other vehicles for transporting people;
• 22 years - buses with trailers (21 years + 1 year of experience).

You can study and take exams for categories A, B, C from the age of 17. But the license will be issued at 18.

Drivers of all vehicle categories can drive a moped - category “M” is assigned automatically

Driving license category B

With a license you can drive cars weighing up to 3500 kg. The maximum permissible number of seats excluding the driver's seat is 8. Motorized strollers with a trailer, if their weight is over 400 kg, are considered in the same row as cars.

In addition, a trailer may be attached to a motor vehicle if it:

• weighs up to 750 kg;
• weighs more than 750 kg, but less than the car to which it is attached, when unladen and their total mass is less than 3500 kg.

A special feature of this category of license is that it can be used in a car with an automatic transmission. A corresponding note (AT) is made in the document. When replacing a car with a manual transmission brand, you must retake the driving test at the site.

If the driver has the right to drive only a manually controlled car, the MC mark is affixed.

BE

Type BE licenses are issued for driving a passenger car, minibus, jeep, small truck (mode of transport corresponding to the parameters of group B) with a trailer. The exception is a small trailer: it is allowed to be coupled to a machine, which will continue to be classified as type B.

The exam for such a license can be taken if you have at least 1 year of driving experience.

A type B or BE document allows you to drive passenger cars and additionally type B1 vehicles.

Getting your license in 2021: order

The scheme for obtaining rights is as follows:

1. We study at a driving school and graduate successfully.
2. We pass honey. commission, we get a conclusion.
3. We collect the necessary documents.
4. Sign up for the exam at the traffic police.
5. Let's pass the exam.
6. We pay the state fee.
7. We get the rights.

Required conditions for obtaining rights:

• you have reached the required age;
• no health restrictions;
• you graduated from a driving school;
• you passed your exams.

Education

Perhaps you can drive perfectly without a driving school. Your father let you drive, you disappeared with him in the garage and you know everything about cars. This is good, but you will have to graduate from driving school. This is the requirement of the law.

Choosing a driving school

There are no special recommendations for choosing a driving school. Just rely on your instincts and financial capabilities. Please note that the driving school must meet the following requirements:

• there is a license that allows you to teach in the selected category;
• there is a conclusion from the traffic police that the school is fully equipped for training;
• The school is listed in the traffic police database.

Always sign a contract with a driving school and read it carefully before signing. This will help avoid problems and legal red tape in the future. The contract usually specifies all the nuances of the training: the number of hours, the program, whether the instructor will be with you at the traffic police exam, etc.

What will they teach

The outline training program was approved by the Ministry of Education and Science. It includes 134 hours of theory on various topics and 56 hours behind the wheel. The program and number of hours in each driving school may differ slightly, but the ministerial program is always taken as a basis.

At the driving school, the driver is taught:

• traffic rules;
• basics of car design;
• providing first aid in case of an accident;
• basic driving skills;
• behavior on the road;
• assess the traffic situation;
• understand what's on the minds of pedestrians and drivers.

Whether you learn to drive a car with a manual or automatic transmission is up to you. According to the law, if you studied manually, you can drive any car, but if you studied automatic, then only with an automatic transmission.

Many of my friends advise learning to drive a manual, not an automatic. It is more difficult to control the mechanics, which means that such a skill will prepare you for any turn of events.

But now, unlike the situation 5 - 10 years ago, enough cars with automatic transmission are produced. And it may well turn out that you will only drive a manual in a driving school.

Training at a driving school is a mandatory step in obtaining a license.

Duration

The law does not establish a clear duration of training. But we know for sure that we will have to study for a maximum of 190 hours (134 + 56). Some disciplines relate to freight and passenger transportation, which means that not everyone will study them. Plus, each school has the right to adjust the number of hours. And everywhere there is a different schedule of classes and intensity of teaching. One school might study for 4 hours every evening, while another might study for 6 hours every weekend. Therefore, the learning rate is different. On average, studies last from 3 months to six months.

Price

It is difficult to give a single figure - the cost depends on the region and educational institution. It is better to find out the cost on the website of a specific driving school. Schools calculate tuition fees differently. This may be a fixed price for the entire course, or it may be a composite price: the amount for theory + the cost of 1 hour of driving X for the number of hours of driving.

Here are some examples:

1. Training in a Moscow driving school: 15,000 rubles. for theory + 450 rubles/hour of driving X 56 hours of driving (which must be “skated”) = 40,200 rubles.
2. In St. Petersburg, a driving school offers “packages” of educational services for any budget: from 22 to 50 thousand rubles.
3. Novosibirsk driving school: price of theory and practice - 30 thousand. Plus, if you don’t have enough practice, you can buy additional hours of driving for 250 – 350 rubles.

Certificate

After you have completed the training and successfully completed the program (theory + practice), passed the internal exam, you will be issued a certificate of completion of the driving school. This is a document similar to a school certificate or university diploma - it confirms the fact of training and has no statute of limitations. The certificate itself does not give the right to drive. But it is necessary in order to go take exams at the traffic police. According to the law, there will be no exam without it.

The certificate gives the right to obtain a driver's license from the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate

Documents for rights

After studying at a driving school, you need to collect all the documents and go to the traffic police to sign up for the exams. Without these documents you will not be allowed to take the test:

• passport or other document confirming your identity (military ID for those liable for military service, passport of your country and residence permit for foreigners);
• certificate of completion of a driving school;
• medical report;
• receipt of payment of state duty.

There is no need to bring a photo; it will be taken at the traffic police department.

Medical report

You can undergo an examination and obtain a conclusion at a clinic at your place of residence or at a private medical organization. Required specialists and procedures:

• therapist;
• ophthalmologist;
• ENT (for managing categories C, CE, D, DE, trams, trolleybuses);
• neurologist (for driving categories C, CE, D, DE, trams and trolleybuses - mandatory, in other cases - on the direction of a therapist);
• electroencephalography (for driving categories C, CE, D, DE, trams and trolleybuses - mandatory, in other cases - upon the direction of a therapist);
• urine test (as prescribed by a narcologist);
• blood test (as prescribed by a narcologist).

In addition, you will need to obtain certificates from a psychiatrist and narcologist at specialized state dispensaries at your place of residence.

Honey. the conclusion confirms: you are healthy enough to drive a vehicle. This means that you have not been diagnosed with diseases that prevent you from driving, including:

• epilepsy;
• drug or alcohol abuse;
• dementia;
• schizophrenia;
• bipolar affective disorder;
• mental retardation;
• blindness in both eyes.

There is a list of diseases for which you can drive, but the permitted categories of vehicles are limited. These are lesions of the nervous system, eye diseases when vision is severely impaired, absence or shortening of limbs and fingers. The more severe the health situation, the more “serious” category of vehicle cannot be driven (from M and A to C and D).

The medical report is certified by the seal of the institution and the signature of the responsible person

Sometimes your health condition allows you to drive, but the vehicle needs to be additionally equipped or the driver needs to use special equipment. Among these indications:

• hearing problems - need a hearing aid;
• myopia or farsightedness - glasses or lenses (if they help);
• blindness in one eye - acoustic system for parking;
• deformation, missing limbs - only automatic transmission.

The cost of a medical report reaches three thousand rubles; it depends on the region and the institution where you receive it (private or public clinic). The conclusion is valid for one year.

State duty

The price depends on which type of certificate - old or new - you receive. The new licenses differ in appearance, they are made of more durable plastic, and they are better protected from counterfeiting. The difference in cost is one thousand rubles: the fee for the old type of certificate is two thousand, the new one is three.

To pay the fee, you need to know the details of the traffic police department where you will receive your license. You can pay in cash or by bank transfer:

• on the State Services website;
• in any bank or through its mobile application;
• at the post office;
• at the traffic police department itself, if there is a cash desk or terminal there.

Registered users of the State Services portal can pay the fee with a 30% discount. The condition applies to non-cash payments only for individuals.

Exam

You can register for the exam in advance at any traffic police department. There he is handed over to the inspector. The exam takes place in three stages.

Test

The first stage is a theory knowledge test. It consists of four blocks of five questions each (20 in total), which must be answered correctly in 20 minutes. You can make two mistakes, but in different blocks (two mistakes in one block means a retake). For each mistake, five more questions and five minutes are added (i.e. for 2 mistakes - 10 questions and 10 minutes). You cannot make mistakes in additional questions. Theory passed:

• answer 20 out of 20 questions;
• 19 out of 20 + 5 out of 5 additional questions;
• 18 out of 20 + 10 out of 10 extra. questions.

In other cases - retake.

Video: rules for passing the driving test

Area

During a practical exam on a special platform, they test how well you have learned basic maneuvers. The task is to complete five exercises in 10–12 minutes without errors. Among them:

• snake;
• overpass (starting movement and stopping on the rise);
• entrance to the garage;
• U-turns;
• parallel parking;
• reverse maneuvers;
• stop for boarding passengers;
• passing the intersection.

The test is not passed if the future driver does not meet the allotted time, makes more mistakes than possible, or fails the exam.

Before the test begins, the future driver must start the car engine, buckle up, and adjust the mirrors.

My friend took the second stage at her driving school, and not at the traffic police department. But with her in the car were an instructor and a traffic police inspector, who took this part of the exam.

Table: errors on site

City

Entering the battlefield, so to speak, is a city driving test. The inspector checks how ready you are to drive a vehicle in real conditions: with road signs, traffic lights, bad weather, potholes on the roads or in the minds of other drivers. Together with the inspector, you go into the city for 30 minutes and complete his tasks. Your task is to drive in such a way as to violate traffic rules as little as possible (ideally, of course, not to violate them).

Inspectors sometimes deliberately provoke traffic violations. For example, they say to someone who skated the “city” flawlessly: “Well, well done, I passed. Park here." And the driver, to celebrate, parks the car where the examiner indicated, not paying attention to the fact that there is no parking sign. And the exam failed. This happened to a friend of mine. The next time he became more attentive and thought about what the inspector was saying. Test takers warn that sometimes the inspector speaks quietly (intentionally or not is unknown). This makes it difficult to react in time, and you make mistakes. Be prepared for anything.

The route is built so that the future driver performs “vital” maneuvers at least once:

• turns right, left;
• crossing an intersection;
• overtaking or ahead;
• turn;
• passage of pedestrian crossings;
• Roundabout Circulation;
• driving at maximum speed;
• moving railway tracks.

The results of each stage are usually known on the day of delivery.

All my driver friends say that only anxiety can interfere with an exam, be it a test, a site or a city. My friend couldn’t pass the “city” test twice simply because she was nervous. The third time she pulled herself together, and everything worked out. And, most importantly, do not be upset if you fail to pass the first time. Not everyone can really do this. One of my friends took his license 5 times (more than six months). Although I finished driving school well, I couldn’t pass the exam. I even managed to buy a car before getting my license, “so that there would be an incentive.” And he passed - patience and work will grind everything down. Now he drives a car perfectly.

The city has a penalty point system. For minor violations - 1 point, for average - 3, for gross - 5. In order to pass, you need to score less than five points.

Table: some errors in the "city"

Receipt procedure

To become the owner of a driving license, you must complete a special training course at a driving school. In addition to the theoretical knowledge base, you need to develop a practical skill - “drive” a certain number of hours in a training car.

Another mandatory condition is obtaining a special medical certificate confirming that your health condition allows you to drive a vehicle.

After completing the training course, you must pass an exam at the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate. This test consists of several stages:

• testing knowledge of traffic rules;
• demonstration of basic vehicle driving skills on a special site;
• testing driving skills in urban traffic conditions.

Driver license

After successfully passing the exams, you will receive your long-awaited license. The period depends on the vehicle category: licenses for mopeds and motorcycles are issued in 15 days, for other categories - in 30 days.

A Russian driver's license looks like a plastic card with your photo and information about you. These include:

• FULL NAME.;
• date and place of birth;
• the city in which the license was issued;
• driving experience;
• signature.

The front side of the license contains information about the driver

On the front side are the dates of receipt of rights and expiration of their validity; on the back there is a barcode and a plate with vehicle categories. It highlights those that you can control.

The license indicates all categories of vehicles that the driver has the right to drive.

Rights are valid for 10 years from the date of receipt. After the end of this period, the rights must be exchanged. To do this, you collect the same package of documents: you need to go through the medical examination again, pay the fee, take the old license. With them you go to the traffic police or the MFC to write an application to change your license. There is no need to retake the exams.

What you need to know

You can drive a vehicle only if you have a driver's license.

This document confirms that the driver has the necessary knowledge and displays the type of transport that the subject can drive.

But such an aspect as the validity of this document is also important. The validity period of a driver's license is ten years and the date of issue of the document is indicated on the certificate.

But in some situations, the validity period of a driver’s license may become invalid earlier than the originally approved period.

These are situations such as:

• changing the personal data of the owner of the rights;
• identification of illegal actions (providing false documents when obtaining rights);
• damage to the document and the inability to read it;
• change in medical indications;
• loss or theft of rights;
• obtaining a new certificate.

International rights

An international license is needed to drive a car abroad. They are issued provided that you have a Russian license. International laws will not apply without Russian ones.

The validity period of international rights is 3 years, but no longer than Russian ones. For example, if Russian rights are valid until 2021, then in 2021 you will receive international rights for only two years, so that they are also valid until 2021.

International driving license allows you to drive in another country

To obtain an international license, you need to contact the traffic police with a passport, a medical report, a receipt for payment of the state duty (1600 rubles), a Russian driver's license and a 3X4 cm matte photograph.

How are licenses issued to migrants?

Russians have quite a lot of questions due to the postponement of the replacement of driver's licenses for migrants by one year. This category of citizens work as drivers using their own documents, and not Russian ones. The end date for the transfer is June 1, 2021. This action was justified by the fact that at this moment there is no such technical possibility to replace documents for all migrants.

According to statistics, most Russian companies take advantage of the ability of migrants from Belarus to work. In total, about 9.5 thousand foreign drivers have been recorded on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Some employer organizations have attempted to replace documents for their employees, but have encountered problems such as:

1. Lack of material and technical base for taking exams for this category of driver's license. 2. The State Traffic Inspectorate lacks rolling stock and racing tracks for taking exams for migrant drivers.

In addition, statistics show that the majority of road accidents, namely 30%, are due to the fault of foreign drivers.

In order to replace a driver's license, a migrant should contact the State Traffic Inspectorate. Not all regions can make an appointment through STATE SERVICES. If registration through STATE SERVICES in a particular region is not possible, then you must contact the State Traffic Inspectorate with the registration address.

To do this, you must present the following documents:

• statement; ⦁ identity card (a foreign ID cannot be confiscated, it will be returned with a Russian license); ⦁ medical certificate; ⦁ international or foreign driver’s license; ⦁ registration, migration card; ⦁ for temporary residence permit: passport, registration, temporary residence permit; ⦁ for residence permit: residence permit, registration; ⦁ for LBG: residence permit, registration or document of LBG; ⦁ for VU: certificate.

From January 1, 2021, having paid the fees, it is possible to purchase a 30% discount through the State Services website.